In SAP, pooled tables are a type of database table used to store data from multiple internal tables (called logical tables) within a single physical table in the database. Pooled tables help in reducing the number of database objects and are primarily used for storing control data (like customizing settings or system-specific settings) rather than transactional data.

Example:
Suppose there are logical tables ZTABLE1, ZTABLE2, and ZTABLE3 — all are pooled tables.These are all stored together inside a single physical table, say POOLTAB.

When you access ZTABLE1 from within SAP, the system filters and retrieves only those records in POOLTAB that belong to ZTABLE1.